ZX Appeal

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MAY /88

vancouver sinclair
Users gr LILIF2

ZXAppeal is a monthly | Q-LINK ADVERT................. Sus. 7
newsletter put out by the WE X16 CON Lists ae 8
ES SLS ege ae SHAREWARE. aaa 10
INT'L/GRT NW T/S 'FATR.....13
SED dnd ZRAppedl See PME BACKEOVEr: 2068 PECH. 14
1000 PROM. 14
1000 PRGM......... c 15
TIPE. a ul u umu aya Q 15

Timex/Sinclair 3068.....5199

--Amiga killer available soon a
A VUE Bill
Timex Disk Drive..........549 | Harvey
--plugs into Timex Bus Expansion unit 77" € 4
-and lots more!!

th this was the future........almost.
See details inside.

THIS E APA A 2 sek

Everyone finished scraping winter^s rust
off their barbeque? Started on the ol^
flower beds? I know spring has sprung
and summer is just up the road but dont
neglect your little black or silver pal
that saw you through the depths of
winter.

Not alot of submissions this issue so
maybe this will be the first "skinny"
issue. Saying that, 1711 probably come
up with a bunch of neat program
printouts and other stuff of interest
and fatten the pot but we Ll see.

We include the remainder of the WRxl6
Upgrade article from last time - the
BASIC and M/C listings. Fred N. drops
in again, this time with his thoughts on
the concept of "Shareware". Harvey T.
is back to show us how we can expand our
QLs in another episode of "Playing
with..." Bill Rutter joins us again with
Part Three of “Header Hacker". Plus a
bunch of other odds and ends.

LEIIXIIIIIIIISZEIIIZIIITIIIIEIIIIIIIIEIITIIITI.

BILS- -A FILEGBEBNSaada e*-32- AAA WOW arp d ux

.. the Pacific Coast Computer Fair was
held, very sucessfully, on Saturday, the
7th of May. VSUG was out in force with
Wilf, Gerd, Rod, Louis, Eric, and Harry
manning the tables. Many attendees were
seen stopping to comment, with some awe
and astonishment, on Sinclair machines
still being around and to share the fact
that the Sinclair was their first
machine. We, of course, replied with
the question "Why did they move on when
they had it right the first time?"

«+ +LISTing, the newsletter of the Long
Island Sinclair Timex group reports some
fascinating insight into the TIMEX CORP
world prior to the "dumping".
Apparently the President of Psion, Inc.
was previously the Product Development
Director for Timex. He related the
following tidbits while visiting with
LIST at a recent meeting: the
engineering for the Bus Expansion Unit

for the 2068 was COMPLETE. This'was the ^)

... next meeting!

unit that was to allow the addition of
bank-switched memory, parallel and
serial ports, and disk drives; the
drives were to be 3.5" and were to come
out of the box at $49.95!; the next
machine off the line was to compete with
the Amiga and was to be known as the
3068 - with 1 meg of RAM, virtual
memory, and 256 hi-res colours and all
for a target pricee of $199.95!; the
computer line was dumped because the
cash-drain caused by both R&D costs and
the price-wars came at a critical time
for Timex - their watch lines needed
upgradeing to catch up with the rest of
the watch industry or the bread and
butter of the parent company might have
been in jeopardy; Timex did feel some
sense of responsibility to the User and
decided to publish the 2068 manual even
though they had pulled out of the
market; and lastly that the TS1000 is
STILL in production but is only
available to industries as either
completed boards or cased machines for
control applications in processing.
Thanks to L.I.S.T. and especially to Mr.
Skyrme of Psion, Inc. for letting all of
us take a peek at what might have
been.......sigh! !!

kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

RENEWING MEMBERS:

Ian McLean, Jay Mundy,
Glenn Read, John Sampson

NEW MEMBERS:

Ike Walker, Charleston, W VA
Robert Shade, Philadelphia, PA

IF THE EXPIRY DATE ON YOUR MAILING LABEL
IS HIGH-LIGHTED BE SURE TO MAIL IN OR
RENEW AT THE MEETING.

kc ede e ede e e de e eee de RÁ RARA RARA RAR A AR

S M T. U T. E Se

|? $4 SNóZ 7

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SS 95 24-25: 26-97 28 en
SN: 30. 3

April 8/88 Hinutez

-by your humble scribe

As people entered the meeting
room, they mere treated to the
VISION of Bob Dennison (with a
gleeful twinkle in his eye, (picture
Robert Deniro In Brazil) busily

running telephone cable from some
subterranean source into the room.
This being Gerd's political
honeymoon I will not dwell on hom we
finally had to harangue him Into
starting the meeting at 197227.
There were “£3 intrepid souls
present; and a couple came in later.
First off we had the President's
report. Gerd reminded us about the
PCCFA swap meeting coming up April
30/88 and we mustered a group to man
the club tables. Look Tor a report
next month. Also mentioned was the
Products Profile show coming up June
8/?9 at the PNE. An informal survey
of how many people had 32K NVH's
working showed that most had been
set up with no problem. There is a
new run of PCB's in the works, so if
you mant a 32K NVH, contact Hilf.
Rod Humphreys stood to tell us
that we have approximately
CAN$918.00 dollars in the old credit
union. He is planning on going south
at the ik mark. It was mentioned to
Rod by Harvey that he had been
contacted by GL Australia and
arrangements to add them to our
Network mailing list were made.
There was some discussion of the
letter of J. Crumley (of Leavennorth
Tame) published In the last
ZXAPPEAL. -Rod spoke of the attempts
to form the North American Timex
Sinclair Association, NATSA. No
motion was taken, but it seemed the
group looks positively on this
venture. f
There was at this point the ritual
dissection and vilification of her
Hajesty's Host Loyal Postal Snails.
Ken Abramson piped up that his
letter from China had arrived in 8

days. It seems Rod has been on the

Post Üffice's case & has even

developed what might be called a

-poisonal relation with the Customer

Service Hanager of the. Pacific region.
Reqion. 3 I

Ken's

The hardware group had a 32K NVH
trouble shooting session a Sunday
ago € will meet again Sunday April
16. Harry Slot wants to make sure
the record reads that he is not “a
person mho loves to be mysterious",
but rather one who likes ta make
quite certain that he is correct
before he speaks. He reports that
not much Is happening mith the
PC8300 the last couple of weeks as
he has been tied up in other things.
Harry then regaled us with tales of
his trip to Mexico. Strictly no
tech. He did come across an old IBM
at Club Hed, but it had no poner
supply and the retailer could not
get there to 'fix' it for 8 months“
Then there was a story of the fake
metal detector at a customs gate.
And the x-ray machine which was no
danger to camera film. He had a
great time, except for the airline
food coming back home.

Kevin Kerney, the book librarian,
has got rid of all his non-Sinclair
material & so his load 15
considerably lightened. Bill Rutter
says there is nothing much nem with
the 2068 library. Ian Mclean, the
ZXS1 librarian, was unable to make
the meeting.

Ken Abramson stood to mention the
BCIT open house currently undermay.
He also mentioned 3 Radiation
Technology workshop coming up at the
end of April. Ken then reached into
a bag under the table and donned a
Chairman Hao type hat with a big RED
star on the front. Then the China
Stories started to come forth. There
are computer stores in China. An
IBH-XT sells for the equivalent of
CAN$11,000.400 / The Chinese are
pushing tourism. The hotel Ken
stayed in was quite modern. It is
opinion that “the sleeping
grant has amakened" with a system of
socialism and capitalism in
parallel. On the may back he met a
couple of Exchange Professionals;
one of whom is a teacher as well A
who is going to be in the Vancouver
There are a fem TV's around

the country but major appliances are
scarce; not many phones either. He
felt no hesitation among the people

to talk to him on any subject. The
power grid uses 220 Volts.

Harvey relayed a message he had
seen to the effect that Fred
Nachbaur has now got Landed
Immigrant Status/ A loud cheer
resounded,

Nom we had a room with a telephone
line running In and the
Telecommunication demonstrations
proceeded amidst a cacaphony of
Private conversations. A splendid

time was had by all.

PEELE ELLE a SEXE AE EEE EEE EE

= == FR: mm; rrt wm; ¿= = =; š
TROT TRI THETHAR! PAMDIITED
iHi i k'uski fi ‘ree! Ki LUI iru i aii
bu Ken Abramson
Y Te -= em de Ee mimi. am do —. = pe 3 > em q...
ihe latest research into ee linking
Tic in f. 4. bl m $ ifm = s= a q L — =
Z OZ that the PLL Ti ES iti Haz
CL SPE dän i e l e -: í = Së, - mo. qn œ me Set
EE Similar to our friendiu
Nc mt D Me m Fa an mm = me om = em. A, i N q - mmm mmm +=: = =
¿2017151888 computer? Dr, Joseph Stern of
CZ Y - t e. an zen * - mm * . d "e e _ mm - - - ge 2 s s -
eoiumÁmbia DUnivenrzitu has collected Ciinical
Evidence that F efutez the old assumpti HE
4: - moza in? " a ^, ^ = - =. =. - ^ —. S M P
enat eye blinking is a relatively “ando
process occurring only for the purpose a
Tike mar ins Tic rt Aha 1 + a i š
.Unlicavtilid the eyeballo,
M s. AMO Lë, fe =. =, L Sims 4 - > om * am we
vl. EPH E research e OS that blinking
A we - mm. * de = - e - - «= ` mm Am 7 - - . =. ° . 4 e
i» (ELLE Fandom, nor if it humidity
š —. Ai =... 1 EA? sete LS IL = = D Ro
dependent! Blinking can Düid oOCCUrP het:
g - U - *.o - - > - - am = ”> * - a - am -
the brain's Protessin3 activities are
A | CR f: oa soo m a am i. Ze, spe -
inerrupted, Blinking ceases ehh &
person's brain is acer it CONnCENntr Sati of:
? ° oe - s em, * C Aom e mm. mmm a ° am ma Y
tintentive process im?
K Zr aK l = Sage, Si. = >, *= o 3 en, Z be 8 8 m = :_ Ze
(iis ZLEE if Somewhat analogous to the
Ps = Mal = = ° - ` mse Un zi. mam $ ` =
SACL ighOlind the video displau when it is
Pünnind in FAST mode?!

---WANTED---

Harvey Taylor would like to get his

hands on a copy of the Sept/87 issue

of QL World or at least acquire a copy

of the final installment of the
Connexxions” series. If anyone . is

able to assist they can contact Harvey

through the Editor.

ban .

ARRE a a SE SE of SE SE of of SI SE aR i a af of of ab A ab a oF

HEADER HACKER (PART III) by Bill Rutter

A review of some of the common
methods used to protect programs against
piracy. |

Normally, each block of a program is
preceded by a border of thick Red and Cyan
stripes. This is called a TONE LEADER
and ensures that the code is taken into
the memory at the correct time. By
writing some machine code into the first
loader, the system is bypassed, and we can
now have LONGer, SHORTer, NARROWer, WIDer,
and PULSed (or JERKY) tone leaders, which
will not normally be copyable.

The TONE LEADER is followed by the
Header, 17 bytes long, of the file attr-
ibutes of the next block to be loaded. It
is quite common to code in Header less
Files, or False Headers to stop copying.

À common method is to use an Anti-
Merge Basic loader. This usually contains
Some sabotage POKES, which either crash
the system, or give an (out of Memory”
error. It is normally done by POKING an
abnormally high value into the line length
byte which precedes the last line. The
program will run, but the MERGE routine
crashes, because the last line appears to
be too long.

The sabotage POKES, referred to
above, cause a Reset if an error occurs
(e.g BREAK key is pressed]. The system

variables area (23613/4) is normally used.
Also 23659,which hoids the number of lines
where error messages are usually printed.

Ii POKED with 0, the system will just
'sit' tnere, having no place to print
messages. Also control codes can be
embedded in the Basic to make the print

either appear distorted, invisible or even
display a message (usually a warning!) of

some kind. It is also possible with
machine code to raise or lower the BAUD
rate (normally 1500).

Finally, what I term the hardware

method is the infamous LENSLOK. At
beginning of the program a
distorted random numbers is shown on
Screen and a special plastic lens in a
holder is held to the screen, to decipher
the numbers which are entered as the pass-
word. It can be difficult to use, and has
been roundly condemned in the U.K.

This brief review may help to
some of the problems, although there are
many other methods in use. Get a Header
Reader, and try some of the things I have
outlined. Getting into that apparently
unbreakable program can be very gratifying
to a amateur 'Basic' hacker!

the
series of

solve

PLAYING WITH ELECTRICITY

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

—Apr il 29/88
—by Harvey Taylor

I am starting to put together the elements of an expanded
QL system & to this end, I have built several expansion
cards. This month I will talk about the ROH expansion card. I
will explore other hardware in future articles as I get it
built.

One of the useful things about the QL initialization
sequence is the way it checks the allocated ROH area of the
memory map for the ROH flag. This allows the QL to initialize
disc drives, procedures, ram disks ... anything which might
be In ROH. I have spoken about the memory map in the past,
however just as a quick reference:

QL HEHORY HAP

Address Function
$00900400
On Board ROH eg. JSi
$o0BFFF
$00CO0909
Plug in Expansion ROM (at back)
$OOFFFF
FGIGIIO
On board Hardware 1/0
$OIFFFF
$020000 Base of on board 128K RAM
Default screen 6
$0280900 Start of system variables
$O3FFFF Top of on board RAH
Normal expansion RAH
$OoBFFFF
$0COO0900 Base of ROH area
16-16K Expansion Cards
$O0FFFFF Top of ROM area

The format for a ROH to be initialized by QDOS is:

OFFSET FUNCTION -

ER $4AFBOGI ROH Flag

G4 Pointer.w to SBasic PROCedures € FUNCtions
GE Pointer.m to initialization routine

o8 Ascii ROM id string

The code which does the checking for the ROH flag looks

like this:

*

* RUH initialization

x

* the subroutine

9$04ACO 1093 4AFB 0001 CHPI.L #F$4AFBOGG1, (A3) x ROH flag present?
G@B4ACE 6620 BNE L$00904AE8 x If no: quit

@@4AC8 43bEB 0008 LEA $00908(A3),A1 x point to id string
@@4ACC 4EBA EF2E JSR L$000039FC * print it

GG4ADG 302B 0904 HOVE.H $9094(A3),D0 * get basic offset
004AD4 6708 BEG L$ODOD4 ADE x if Null: skip
604AD6 43F3 0000 LEA $00(A3,DO.H) ¿Al * point to Proc List
004ADA 4EBA 2328 JSR L$000OGEQOA4 x add Proc.& Func
OG4ADE 302B 9006 HOVE.H $0006(A3) ,DO * get initalize offset
@@4AE2 6704 BEQ L$900004AES * if Null: skip
904AE4 4EB3 0000 JSR $60(A3,D0.H) * go do init routine
DO4AES 4bE75 RTS

subroutine & caller

AS (other stuff in here)
x the caller

004B04 267C 0000 CODO MOVEA.L W$0000CO000,A3 * Look at ROH port first
9004B0A GIB4 BSR L$00004ACO x Check that address
904BO0C 267C 000C 0000 HOVEA.L H$000CO0009,A3 X Look at Expansion ROM
6B4B12 61AC BSR L$00004ACO x Check that address
904B14 DEFC 40009 ADDA.HWH $4 $4000,A3 * Every 16K

004B18 B7FC 0010 0000 CHPA.L H*$00100000,A3 * End of ROM area yet?
0904BIE 6DF2 BLT L$00004B12 * If no: loop back

*

Getting on the QL bus has one tricky aspect. To quote the
QL Technical Reference Guide (page 52):

“An unexpanded GL does not look at address lines A18 and
A19. In peripheral cards mhich are to be added to the QL, it
is necessary for each card to disable the circuitry on the QL
itself when that peripheral card recognizes its onn address.
This is achieved by pulling signal DSHCL high before DSL goes
lom including buffering times."

Okay. that is all the background. The circuit which I have
used is Figure 1. There are only 2 decoding chips used, a
74LSO03 and a 74LS139. The circuit can support 4 — 16K [271287
ROMs. There is a 7865 regulator chip and a 2N32@3 transistor
used as well. Don't forget to use adequate bypassing.

One thing about this circuit stands out immediately. The
signal DSHCL is conditioned by DSL and so cannot possibly
become active before DSL/ How can this be? I took the idea
for this circuit from a Quanta article fAugust/8él and tested
it. To my great surprise it worked. I have also built a
Sinclair Standard type ROH interface and it works properly as
well. i

Note that the address of the ROH card is: $F09000 A $FFxxx
or iiii:xxAA AAAA:AAAA AAAA. The two bits marked "x", control
the second half of the 74LS139 to decide which of up to 4 —
16K ROHs to enable. The pomer supply for the board mas
derived by using a 7895 regulator chip betmeen the *9V rail
and ground.

As usual, any questions or problems can be directed to me
via the editor.

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64k Eprom Card

KEEP IN TOUCH

with
G LINE = .:
The Ultimate QL Terminal

US$19.95 + 3.00 shipping
{specify medium]

Heta Hedia Productions
726-Hest 17th
Vancouver BC

Canada V3Z TI

This is the conclusion to Fred and Wilf's WRx16 upgrade article from last

month.

QO

LISTING 1:
WRXI1S CORE V2.1,

CODE DISASSEMBLY

DRIVER CODE

DUMMY DISPLAY FILE 40AS~F3 DPLY DI
4047 3E07 TILO LD 4,07
addr HEXCODE NAME MNEMONIC 4049 47 TILO LD B,A TABLE 1: URX16-42 COKE (DECIMAL) M
XILIIIAIIXIEIIIXIXZIIIZXLIIXILIIZ 405 00 DP-0 NOP TABLE 21 B1-PLOT WRX16 CORE
4062 ED4F DUMY LD R,A 4048 10FD DJN2 DP-0 START=16514 — BYTES=128
4084 00 NOP 406D CéEF TILO ADD A,EF START=16514 BYTES=128
237 10729 10001000 1000100010001000 1
4085 00 NOF 40AF 3C DF-^ INC A 00030001000:0001000:00010001000 ; 2371079100010001000:000100010001
4086 00 HOP 4080 20FO JR NZ DP-A 000 (000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1 deme
4087 00 NOP 4082 0480 LD 8,80 000 1000 1000 :000 1090 1000 1900 1000 1 E
4088 00 NOP 40B4 112000 DELY LD DE,0020 000:0001221123312431082100710711 a Mi aa 998 388 DO IL,
4089 00 NOP 4087 210020 LO HL,HRDF 000 1014125311581237 1040103212531 kd rier NEE
4085 00 NOP 408A D021C040 LO IX,DP-1 00411761012103210001033100010321 Bis 12015 has ANHA 032:
4028 00 NOP 406E 1808 JR DP-2 22110331192106410241008101710321: EE
408C 00 NOP 40C0 112000 — DP-! LD DE,0020 000:0051202120710641025112412371 323.135 105 888:23] 1033 AE
4060 00 NOP 4003 05 ' DEC B 071:12511951130119212371082:12371 $24 19081015: T PRENN PE
408E. 00 NOP 40C4 CACF40 JP 2 DP-3 08210351042101210441017124711301 eE LAR LRE TART 04 tds
40€fF 00 NOP 4007 19 ADD HL ,DE 0251062103012371071106212451001 : 1921231082123? 16021035:042:8121
4090 00 NOP 40C8 ?C DP-2 LD A,H 007:0021205118110021205114410021 KEE 1361025104218201237 8
4091 00 NOP 40C9 ED47 LD 1,A 20510321002122110331166:04411951: sisi 002100812051181 i
4092 00 NOP 40CB 70 LD A,L 16410021221103311661:0641201 10421 3651208 :102/002 208 8 4 2211
4093 00 NOP 40CC C382C0 JP C082 0301232107112211033:12910021201 i dpi riii pps d
4094 00 NOP 40CF ED52 DP-3 S8C HL ,DE 0331166:044:1195:1641002:000:0001
4095 00 HOP 4001 EDS2 DELY SBC HL,DE
4094 DO NUP 4003 23 DELY INC HL
4097 00 NOP 4004 240C40 LD HL,(DFIL)
. 1098 00 NOP 40D7 11F782 LO 0E,82F7
4079-00 N 400A 19 ADD HL,DE :
4094 00 pr 400B 3EIE LD a, 1É TABLE 31 BIPLOT SERVICE ROUTINES
469E 00 HOP 400D ED47 LD 1,A
409C 00 dap 40DF 3EFS LD A,FS START=16648 BYTES=177
4096 Où NOF 40E! 010702 LO BC,0207 0331062:00010241008103310621001 i
4n9E 06 NOP 40E4 CD8502 CALL DP-S 0241003:033:23010011034118910441
00 DD Hr 40E7 CD9202 CALL HEN OPTICAL SYNCHRONIZING ROUTINE 2051148106512211033116610641201 i
Roco DB fine 40€, CD2002 CALL DEND CALL THIS BEFORE CHANGING MODES 2051168105512211031112910021201 1
40A1 00 NOP 40€0 0021A640 LO IX,DPLY TO PREVENT SCREEN FLICKER. HEBDO DUM
3 40F 044:001:000:0146;054:000; 1 |
TAF vU NOP pts pack es E.G. CALL SYNC 0931019:23711761201 1033113210641
40A3 Ot HOP DD214640 HRES LD IX,0PLY
4064 DDE? JP (I) 40F8 C9 RET JP HRES 0011032:0001126119?8:128111910241
= da Aere Scie LD AGE OR 23210381032102410221038104810241
| CALL SYNC 018:1205:107310451024:247103810321
40FB ED47 LO 1,A
40FD DD218102 LO 1X,0281 JP NRML 02410151038:04810241011120510841
4101 C? RET 06510241247: 25312031059:2141:024:

00412531203105911501232102510341

addr HEXCOOE NAME MNEMONIC

- — — AA —— A

4105 CD2B0F SYNC CALL SLOW

06410462112810411144:1218117310141
087108912031058120310271203105$81
203102712031058:20310271044:0001

LISTING 2: MACHINE-CODE LOADER

dud n m 4108 F04634 LD B,(FRMS) 02510861121123010071040100110001

9020 CL» NE EUM NFM? o GE 008120310021 20910171081 1032101 21
° ° 25312031059?1084104010041 11931

Aë enii E L.A N 02410021203:1291014:2351113:201 i

9050 PRINT ST,*BYTES? °; A 20510431015125310701052:05810521

9060 INPUT BY | 06411841040125010621030123210711

9070 PRINT BY e 2011

9080 FOR N=ST TO ST+BY-1

9090 INPUT Y

9100 POKE N,V

9110 PRINT ( STR$ (V+1000))(2 TO

NEXT N

LISTING 3 4128 00 NOP 419E CBCI STBT SET 0,C 290 RAND USR PLT2
M š 412? 210020 CLS! LO HL. HREL 34160 1802 JR 4144 300 POKE YP,J*59
BI-PLOT M.L. routine 412C 1603 JR CLS« 4142 C881 RSBT RES 0,C 310 RAND USR PLTI
40567F3 DPLY DI 412€ 210030 CLS2 LD HL,HRD2 4164 10EB DJN2 BTLP 320 NEXT J
4087 3E07 TILO LO ^,07 4131 010010 CLS» LO BC,1000 4lAó 71 LD (HL),C 330 NEXT 1
4ün? 47 TILO LD B,A 4134 3400 LD (HL>»,00 41A7 C? RET 340 REM LO-RES AXES
40A 00 DF-0 HOP 4134 08 FILL DEC BC 4148 CD2B0F CALL SLOU 350 FOR 1=0 TO 63 `
4048 10FD DJN. DP-0 4137 54 LD D,H 4168 FD4634 LD B,(FRMS) 360 PLOT 1,12
4050 CSF2 TILO ADD A,F2 — 4138 SD LO E,L 41AE 343440 LD A,(FRMS) 370 PLOT 1,27
Aëef 3C DP-A INC A 4139 13 INC DE 4181 B8 CP B 375 IF 1912 AND 1443 THEN PLOT 0,1
4060 20FD JR N2 DP-A 413A EDBO LDIR 4182 28FA JR 2 41AE 380 NEXT 1
4052 0330 LO B,80 413C C9 RET 4184 3EIE LD A, lc 390 REM PLOT CURVES
4064 112000 DELY LD DE,0020 4130 218440 — RVRS LD HL,COL! 41B4 ED47 LD I,A 395 REM F1:SINE CURVE
lat Bus LD eed 4140 012000 LO BC,0020 4188 C? RET rie € En E aa
2 LD A,(FRMS) 4143 7E LO A,(HL) i
4080 E601 BITO AND QI 4144 C480 ADD A,80 oer ee ere 410 LET B$=* EXP (-H/80)*
saco 17 RLA 4147 1860 UR Y | !! LET HR2 «16653 429 LET zie VAL a6
ber wel Mie “Ani CTT ER
L i
S 14 LET NRHL«16472
eae ëm Moat ën MERE Ve, A o 1 er 0
a0CS 00 DELY NOP ` 4151 CD4941 — PLI2 CALL PLT! teres meas sak BI-PLOT 445 RAND USR PLTI
40Cá D021CC40 LO IX,DP-1 4154 18F7 JR PLT2 19 T eidel BASIC 450 REM FUNCTION NO.2 (DF 2)
4004 1808 JR DP-2 4156 2620 UPL! LD H,20 id 455 POKE YP,63*40422
rz 112000 OP-1 LD DE,0020 4158 180F JR UNPL 20 LET PL12=16721 er or ct aici en
40CF 05 DEC B 415A 2630 UPL2 LD H,20 . :
4000 CADB40 JP 2 DP-3 415C 1808 JR UNPL `: 2 E ade iN 470 POKE YP,63*60421422
4003 19 ADD HL,DE 415E COSá41 UP12 CALL UPLI 23 LET UP12«16734 MA e
bet Ger vl e A id aE PLOT dE eee PA LEL T 485 PLOT INT (H/4)*1,22*15*71
O 4007 70 LO A,L 4167 1804 JR PLTà 23 LET YP *1643? 490 PLOT INT (H/4)41,27*15422
362 C. e 100 REM greyplot demo 495 PLOT INT (H/4)*1,27*154212Z2
4008 C362C0 JP C082 41697FDC838?5 UNPL RES 2,(COFG) | 195 FAST LOT IN »
4008 EOS2 DP-3 SEC HL,DE 416D ED463640 PLT* LD BC,(COOR) | ¡98 REM CLEAR BOTH DF*S 520 NEXT H
Nee ra ue num 4171 3E80 LD ^,80 110 RAND USR CLSI e ore
4680 2A0C40 LO HL Meda e E S 120 RAND USR CLS2 593 PRINT ATTE
40E3 113182 LO DE,8231 4175 DAAD | 130 FOR 1910240 TO 10271 594 PRINT ‘il: DISPLAY DEI 21 DISPLAY DF2i*
4DES 19 ADD HL,DE 78 ge JP C ERRB — [135 REM H-LINE, DFI $95 PRINT *131 DISPLAY BOTH DISPLAY FILES 1°
40E? 3EIE LD A, IE E dd E 140 POKE 1,235 $94 PRINT *141 REVERSE HIGH - RES DISPLAYS1*
4089 ED47 LO LA EAA Ee t49 REN HH MTS 597 PRINT “151 RETURN TO NORMAL LR DISPLAY:"
40EB 3EFS LO A,FS Mëtte pt iuc. D S 598 PRINT *ie: QUIT TO BASIC’; TAB 31;*:*
40ED 010708 LO BC ,0607 417E CB3A SRL D 165 REM V-LINE, BOTH DF*S vad id ed hl
SE Gre, ee die 170 POKE XP,4 its IF INKEYS <) ** THEN GOTO 610
40F3 CD9202 CALL 0292 4182 CB3A SRL D 190 FOR "(aù TO 127 dE Lions. oli da
40F6 CD2002 CALL 0220 4184 CBIB RR E 190 POKE YP,] SR 21289 TUEN HEEN
GE Sa see ^ 4M 200 LD 1,00 200 RAND USR PLI2 640 IF 29-*1* THEN RAND USR HRI
alag pigs dd RH -1210 NEXT 1 650 IF 2$=°2* THEN RAND USR HR2
41087213500 OPLI LD HL,003E 4189 56 tO D It) 215 REM V-MARKERS 640 IF 2$=°3* THEN RAND USR HR12
4108 1808 JR STOR Ue LOAN 220 FOR 1=10080 TO 8192 STEP -192 670 1F 2$=°4* THEN RAND USR RURS '
4100 213€01 — DPL2 LO HL,LOAI 4188 £407 e 07 230 POKE 1,60 680 IF 2$=°S* THEN RAND USR NAML
4110 1802 JR STOR da M A 232 POKE 1+2048,60 690 IF 29 <) sén THEN GOTO 410
4112 216601 DP12 LD HL,o1res — 419E 010008 LD 8C,0800 |235 POKE 114096, 40 700 RAND USR Nfow
2 , 4191 C602 BTLP RLC D 237 POKE 1*6144,60
4115 228040 STOR LO (B1T0),HL ' 710 STOP
š : DHL 4193 cgit RL C 240 NEXT ! . :
4118 COS841 HRES CALL 4158 . 9990 LET S$=*BIPLOT-DEMO
4118 00214640 Lo ix opy 4195 3D DEC A 245 REM H-MARKERS 9991 SAVE S$
411F C9 RET ` dis ener JR NZ 4184 |250 FOR l=4 TO 244 STEP 10 9996 PRINT “PLEASE WAIT ABOUT 75 SECUNDS....°
4170 COAG41 — NRHL CALL 4168 Hia Q. a" ar 240 POKE XP, 1 9997 PAUSE 200 i
4123 DD218102 LD 1X,0281 JR 2 RSB Ap deet We 4 9998 CLS
RET ) ' 9999 RUN

4127 C?

= HA F<: ELJA F E

CURS
by F. Nachbaur

Software has always been a difficult commodity to
market and distribute. Users want new software, they
want support for their software purchases. What's
more, EVERY computer buff likes to build up a big `
library of programs. Most are never or rarely used,
but there is a certain element of the pack rat in

all of us.

Suppliers for obsolete computers spend time and
effort to produce new products for a dwindling
customer base. It has been proven again and again
that one stands a slim chance of making a profit in
these “low-end” computers. Still, some will try. As
long as there are buyers, there will be sellers.

However, dealers and programmers want their efforts

to be financially worthwhile.

These ideas have often clashed, with the one camp
copying software for friends because the program is
too expensive, and the other claiming that software
waS 50 expensive because many sales are "lost" to
ilegal clones. This affects not only our tiny
corner of the computer world, but all computers and
computerists. A resolution could come in a new
software marketing concept called "Shareware” or
"Fairware." I

Copying programs is a fact of life. You do it. I do
it. I've only actually paid for a portion of the
programs I have in my collection. It is important to
note, however, that out of these programs are a
scant half-dozen I use allthe time, and maybe a
couple dozen I use occasionally. The rest were
looked at once or twice, before being enshrined in
"the files" (one of two big drawers full of tapes).

The fundamendal tenet is, "If you use it, pay for
it.” The most direct application of the "shareware
principle" is to send a "shareware contribution" to
the author of a cloned program that you are finding
useful. (Obviously, no-one expects you to pay for
something that you can't or don’t want to use.)
Unfortunately, it can be a real chore to locate the
actual author of a given program, so all too often
we either can't find a program at all, or if we do,
we may not know where to send "whatever it's worth."
Furthermore, human nature being what it is, it/s all
too easy to indefinitely procrastinate mailing that -
contribution.

Carl

10

IT WORK?

"How To Get Tons of Software for Free... Almost.”>

When we freely clone programs from our friends, we
have no recourse if we are missing part of the
documentation, or if there are updates or improved
versions available. How do you get unanswered
Questions answered, bugs debugged or at ieast de-
fanged, gain added technical or background
information? How do you reward the creators and
developers of the programs you have in your library?
Some programs are the product of several diverse
individuals; how do you reward each one’s part in
the product? At the same time, how do you keep your
computer from driving you into the poor-house?

The answer to these questions might be to expand and
organize the concept of “shareware.” I don’t Know if
formal guidelines have ever been published, but
"shareware" or "fairware" libraries are Simply an
organized way of paying fairly for what you are
already using, and to make other programs available
to you at reasonable cost. Shareware libraries are
already in operation all over the continent.

The libraries freely exchange material, or even
share a database of available programs. You purchase
from your closest library, at a reasonable cost per
program. In some cases, users can submit written
updates, clarifications, and other discoveries to be
included in the documentation file for any given
program.

Dubbing, mailing and otherwise processing orders
also needs to be covered and made worthwhile. The
library therefore takes a moderate fee for these
services, and splits the rest with the authors who
contributed.

This is often done quarterly, with payments made in
the quarter following the order-taking. A sliding
scale can determines how much each author receives;
obviously, a massive application should pay better
than a simple arcade game. In principle, then,
everyone gets a fair share of whatever interest
remains in the field of users.

THE NEW ZX WORLD

There is something oddly "different" about the ZX81
family of computers, which spawned a massive wave of
interest in the early '80's. Partly because the
machine was improperly marketed, partly because
development of the TS2068 was compieted too late,
and largely because of the overall market slump,
Timex closed down the Timex Computer division. The
152068 was in reality never truly completed, and new
products that were prototyped never saw the light of
Gey.

Yet in Europe, the 7X Spectrum, the prototype of the
TS2068, was the most popular personal computer.
(Never mind that it was mostly used for games, and
never saw true development of its potentials.) So
now we have two quite different machines, one very
Simple yet powerful, and the other even more
powerful, both sharing that unique invention called
Sinclair ZX BASIC. Both are proving to retain a lot
of interest in a hard core of dedicated fanciers.

What's more, there are still new-comers to Sinclair-
Timex computing. The TS1000 surplus is still being
doled out into unsuspecting homes, and 2068's are
around if you look for them. Other machines are
."hand-me-downs" or are picked up at garage sales.
Some of these machines will strike that same chord
in a brand-new user, that it struck in all of us
when we first started playing with them. There's
something very neat about these little wonders.

Our ace-in-the-hole is that the 2X81 is simple
enough to buiid completely from the ground up, and
could be built from completely stock parts. By
looking back at the ZX80 schematic, you realize that
this machine will never become a fossil because of
blown custom ULA or SCLD chips. (Wags might say it's
because it's always BEEN a fossil.)

At any rate, we have a lot going for us. I think
that à workable shareware system can be built up. It
would involve a lot of work for many members of our
community, but would be worth doing for the long-
term rewards.

There are a number of ways of implementing this, but

here are some comments that just might help to make
it work for our little world.

11

HERE'S THE PLAN

The first step is to work up a common data-base of
existing programs, cross-referenced and linked to
author. In the case of multiple authorship, i.e.
"chain" programs, the libraries are allowed à
certain discretion rn assigning merit tor different
levels of contribution.

Another massive chore will be to find the authors.
This could be tricky in some instances, since many
of these guys have given up their Timexes for a Mac
at home and IBM's at worK, Many have all but
forgotten their experience with the 2X31 and
Spectrum machines, perhaps because they'd rather not
remember how hard they worked and how little they
got out of it.

We have to find these people, contact them, and
interest them in the shareware notion. Most would be
happy to release their "old" material, (it's a cheap
way of gaining immortality"), especially if it means

a token payment four times a year.

Some of them will regain interest, and will be
inspired by the existence of the network into
writing new programs. If the new programs are a hit,
well then their royalty checK will be appropriately
bigoer over the next few quarters.

Permission to place programs into shareware should
be solicited on behalf of the entire library
network, Similarly, libraries should adhere to an
agreed-upon code of ethics regarding pricing,
royaity payments, interchange and competition with
other libraries.

We have to agree upon the billing formula. How do we
Keep it fair, yet reasonably simple? How much are
users willing to pay, and how little are authors and
libraries willing to receive? As a side-note, there
could easily be instances of programs costing MORE
through shareware, than they did when being retailed
in the past. is

Some of the other problems we'll run into include
topics like media; obviously a tape dubbing
operation is more cost-intensive than if programs
are supplied on disk. Note that since the software
library gets a percentage based on dubbing and
photocopying time, the more efficient its
information transferring method is, the better off
we'll all be. TS2068 libraries would be at a
distinct advantage because of shorter saving/loading
times. Perhaps we should adopt a standardized fast-
load tape routine for both computer types. How about
making TS1000 programs available in TS2068 format?
(See Kent Cook's article in SWN 5:12 Customers
buying in this format would cet a price-break.

. The following shareware files are available
on the NAN, (604)354-4666. Use the (Ldistina
function from the (Files menu for a brief
description. Note, many are HI-RES, and many
have never been seen before.

A shareware library, to be viable, should have all
programs rapidly accessible on disk. Which disk
standards are supported will depend on which system
that each library has available. For instance, at
this writing 1 could supply tapes or Compusa disks

for 2X81, with Larken disks being the next stage. I
could therefore be a librarian for this subset of

some way, perhaps as a shareware library co-
ordinator. We will try to set up proposed guidelines
for shareware library facilities. I’m prepared to be

Timex users. Filename size date count
ZXABCI23.PGM 12K 2-01-88 27663
How do we most effectively use the modem options? ` e PGM PK 2-01-88 27662
Can some if not all of our shareware transactions be uds pes 2 ER zd
. conducted via FidoNet or Co ? | c "Ei |
E a IGRLE.UAR — 2K 2-24-88 18835
How do we catalog the entries, and their various EE ak ACS < ee
versions? How do we agree on a catalog system? Or do Zë DCK) PGH S E 24889
k ; bs
T we: XBLOCH2.PON 10K 12-17-87 24843
(As an example of this last point, I have recently la lia a jk eet
decided to catalog two drawers of tapes and a bunch ZXDANPGM DOC SK 12-17-87 24883
of disordered disks. At this point, my VU-FILE on ZXDANROC.PEY 11K 12-17-87 24838
archived programs has over 400 entries. 1 estimate 2XDANRVG.PGY = — 11K 12-17-87 24836
that a total of 600 entries will result from just £XHRMATH.PGM —— 14K 1-18-88 19019
the stuff that I have. [Some of it was even writien ¿XHRWAVE POM 16K 1-19-88 18969
by me.) Many have multiple versions, of course; the CXHRWAVE VAR OK 1-19-88 18970
record-holder is Memotext, with some 30 different a aoe p E et
. ' ti P 3 LC». "zw p;
versions, not counting the help files) ZXMOUSE . POR 1K 12-17-87 2490"
Assuming that we can cross these hurdles, the MUSE MAR + ae E
A I ; | ZAMRDATA PGH 11K 3-12-88 3392
overall snowballing effect might just surprise us 2XPATCH.DOC 7K 1-09-88 21470
all. We have discussed this briefly at SWN, and were "PATCH. e 3
! Uns j ZXPATCH.P6H 1K 1-09-88 21673
excited with the possibiliies. Imagine... all or Z2XSAURLE . POH 1K 2-24-88 18835
almost all programs ever written available to ZXSCR . POH 8K 1-12-88 19690
anyone, with their creators getting a fair slice of eX TNTXT DOC 15K 12-17-87 24820
the pie. ZXTREK P GM 8K 1-12-88 19677
¿XTRUCK . PON 10K 12-17-87 24844
I'm sure that 1 speak for everyone at SyncWare News, ZXWARN . PG 3K 2-22-88 20146
when I say that we will definitely be involved in AXI. POM JSK 2-01-88 2766!

RLE PICTURE FILES

a "node," with my collection of ZX programs, and I’m DENELNE RLE 7K 12-17-87 24883
sure that Jeff, Basil and Tom would be happy to DINOSAUR .RLE 12K 2-26-88 18606
become personally involved at some level also. iyd Ge Ea SE an
You asked us to move you, shake you. We're moving, GARF TELD . RLE HK 12-17-87 24843
are you shaking yet? If you felt even the slightest GRIFFIN.RLE 4K 12-17-87 24884
tremor, let us Know. This just might be what it RUE d jug SE
takes to allow our machines to Survive, and open the SPOCK RLE 13K 2-25-88 2 400
door to new machines that have even more capability. STARTREK.RLE 8K 12-17-87 24852
STREKI.RLE 7K 2-25-88 21405
STREK2.RLE 7K 2-25-88 21406
STREK3.RLE éK 2-25-88 21409
STREK4.RLE 9K 2-25-88 21402
STREKS.RLE OK 22-26-88 184612
STREK6.RLE 9K 2-26-88 18609
STREK?.RLE HK 3-01-88 18786
STREKB.RLE 4K 3-01-88 18788
STREO RIF áK 3-01-88 12720

12

A SPECIAL PRESS RELEASE

FROM: CCAT/S USER GROUP
OREGON CITY, OR 97045
AND

FOR RELEASE: July i, 1988

LOCAL COMPUTER BUFFS TO ATTEND COMPUTER FAIR TO BE HELD AT THE
COSMOPOLITAN HOTEL IN PORTLAND, OREGON AUGUST 6TH AND 7TH 1988.

Joint sponsors, RMG Enterprises of Oregon City, and Time Designs
Magazine of Colton, Oregon, announced the Third Annual
International/Great Northwest TS Mini-Fair to be held the weekend
of August 6th and 7th 1988 at the Cosmopolitan Hotel in Portland,
Oregon.

The event will include door prizes, vendor and user group booths,
seminars on specialty programming, hardware tips and uses of all
Timex and Sinclair computers, a round-table discussion, tours of
the local scenic area and the famous Portland Zoo.

A number of nationally known vendors will be exhibiting at the
fair, including such notables as RMG ENTERPRISE, TIME DESIGNS
MAGAZINE, AMERICAN MICRO CONNECTION AND GREY £ CLIFFORD COMPUTER
PRODUCTS among others.

The seminars will cover such topics as Machine Code programming the
Z80 microprocessor chip, Architecture of the 68000 CPU, using
Archive database to its FULL capacity, Telecommunications, GiF
graphics, an overview of the QL-What it is-What it could be, CP/M on
TS computers, and others. Seminar speakers include Mike de Sosa,
author of TAKING THE QUANTUM LEAP and QL advocate, Syd Wyncoop,
author of the Z80 series of articles in TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE as
well as S & K Software titles including THE KRUNCHER, TRACER and
.EXPRESS. Michael Carver, current president of CCAT/S, a :
Timex/Sinclair User Group, Vincent Lyon, author of ARCHIVE HASTER,
and several programms for the Timex 2068 and Sinclair QL. And let's
not forget Ed Grey of Grey & Clifford, one of our
telecommunications supporters, or Jack Dohany, of 2068 FairWare
fame.

Scheduled tours for attendees and their families include a Saturday
tour of the Columbia River Gorge and a Sunday tour of Portland's
famous Washington Park including the Portland Zoo, the World
Forestry Center, Oregon Museum Of Science And Industry, the
Washington Park Rose and Japanese Gardens. These tours will be
provided at a VERY nominal cost.

Local attendees will include...(enter your info here).....

Additional information is available from RMG Enterprises, Time
Designs Magazine or the Cosmopolitan Hotel. 13

1 REM program is
d group tape. Ha su
acknewtedgaed
S REH “CRYPTO”
10 FOR A =65523 TO 55534
12 POKE 1,08
14 NEXT i
16 CLS : DOE
5535,123: POKE
2@ PRINT HT Š
DE": PRINT PRIHT
-

22 PRINT ”
ION Cipher
: PRINT

24 PRINT
f'yptogram-"

3B L C$="ABCOCEFPGHIUKLMNOPORS
TUVUXKYZ"

INPUT LINE at

^4
=
M Y
ou
>
¿Os

A SIHPL E
Th

PRINT

= ae, ii LE ol 2746 2 pas e s
IF a$íiij- THEM GO TUO

NEXT i

n

ehm e
{
FC) G) C)
a
de L

oO
a

IF LEN as
IF a$(1) <

LET as$za$i2 TO
GO TO 330

368 PRINT AT 21,8; Fi
PUNCTURT ION"

FOR rail TO

FOR Cap TO

LET p=CODE

IF p=0 THEN
IF p=32 THEN
IF (p<6S UR

r+1,¢0; SCREENS
NEXT C

NEXT r

PRINT AT 21,8;"

MM UOI

o ca ma
f
[
Ti
tl
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LA
tit
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LJ LA LJ LA GI GI CO LO
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IF PM

IF INKEY$="" THEN
LET L$£-IHKEY£E

S04 IF t$>"£" OR SEE
TO 500

cüo BEEP .02,15

510 PRINT AT 21,4; i£
515 FOR r=1 TO 2e STEP 3
520 FOR c=8 TO
o38 IF SCREENS

ir, L$ THEN PR
INT RT r,c; FLASH i
=

BEEP GC
LET bel
IF CODE SCR
TO 585

m
=
AF

.01,18
IF NOT h THEN
INPUT
WE

GO TO 458
"SUbStitute which iet

Wi A aha ic

616 IF ag

THEN GO TO 605

612 LET w$=m*$(1)

BIS IF m$c^ OR 6332" THEN GO
TO ses

615 IF NOT (mg: AND CODE iS <
S13 THEN GO TO 5528

618 IF c£íCODE GEELEN " THEM
GO TO ses

530 LET c£í(CODE m-B54ái-

550 FOR r-i1 TO 28 STEP 3

655 FOR c=8 TO 31

560 IF SCREENS Kr ,C2C1<51% THEN Ë
Ü TO 670

562 PRINT AT FC, FLASH o Le
554 LET n $S-SCHEENS Ir. rj

666 IF ín$»"G" AND CODE nzzoii
THEN LET c$£iCODE n£-54) =ri 5

aoe PRINT HT rs«i,c;n£: BEEP oi
n fa

578 IF CODE SCREENS (r ,C)=8 THE
H GO TO 43a

538 NEXT c

098 NEXT r

3008 SAVE "CRYPTO" LINE 10

tt

=

PRINT TAB 3; “NICOMACHUS"

10 LET H$-"UHEN DIVIDED EY "

20 LET BE$z'" ITS REMAINDER IS?"

SO PRINT "THINK OF A NUMBER FE
OM 1 TO 100."

40 PRINT AS; 3; Es;

SO INPUT A

50 PRINT A

70 PRINT AS; 5; BS;

30 INPUT B

ae PRINT B

100 PRINT H$;7;B$;

1180 INPUT C

120 PRINT C

130 PRINT "LET ME THINK A MOMEN
+ D s .

140 LET Y=70+A+2138+15%+0 _

190 IF Y «106 THEN GOTO i38

160 LET Y=Y-1095

170 GOTO 158 HM
150 PRINT “YOUR NUMBER WAS `;
", RIGHT? Y/N)”

190 INPUT 05 at
210 IF CODE &$=62 THEN PRINT “H
OW ABOUT THAT." o
220 IF CODE üG$-251 THEN PRINT "I
THINK YOU HISCHLCULRTED." _ i
230 PRINT “WANT TO TRY ANOTHER?
EMT?

240 INPUT D$

245 CLS |

250 IF CODE Ds=562 THEN RUN — _
260 IF CODE O$=S1 THEN PRINT “O
KAY. THANK YOU, GOODBYE."

^

e,

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COMPARE WITH FIGURES

FOR PREVIOUS QUARTER .

2
:
Ë

OUT LOUD !!

CANADA

2»>»mMm00 0o0—-m-o»70

The Vancouver Sinclair Users Group has been in existence since
1982. We are a support group for the owners and users of all
SINCLAIR and TIMEX computers.

Pres:- Gerd Breunung PH*(604) 931-5509
V /Pres:- Glenn Read

Sec:- Harvey Taylor

Treas. & N/L Editor:- Rod Humphreys

Our membership dues are only $15.00/year and may be sent to the
Treasurer:

Rod Humphreys
2006 Highview Place
Port Moody, BC., V3H 1N5

Members of VSUG receive a monthiy issue of ZXAppeal - our
newsletter.

ZXAppeal accepts advertising. Our **PPREPAID** rates are:

$10.00 -- full page
$8.00 -- 1/2 page
$5.00 -- 1/4 pege

ZXAppeal is distributed to approx 30 other SINCLAIR User Groups
throughout North America as well as overseas via the NETWORK.

NETWORK correspondence may be directed to the Editor at the above
address.

Copyright of all articles appearing in ZXAppeal is retained by the
author with the understanding that other T/S User Groups may
reprint any ‘article appearing in ZX Appeal provided credit is given to
the author and VSUG.

ATLANTIC
OCEAN